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Boreal peatlands are facing significant changes in response to a warming climate. Sphagnum mosses are key species in these ecosystems and contribute substantially to carbon sequestration. Understanding the factors driving vegetation changes on longer time scales is therefore of high importance, yet challenging since species changes are typically affected by a range of internal and external processes...
Reconstructions of sea‐surface conditions during the Holocene were achieved using three sediment cores from northeastern Baffin Bay (GeoB19948‐3 and GeoB19927‐3) and the Labrador Sea (GeoB19905‐1) along a north–south transect based on sea‐ice IP25 and open‐water phytoplankton biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol and HBI III). In Baffin Bay, sea‐surface conditions in the Early Holocene were characterized...
The Mammoth Faunas, the famous cold‐adapted mammal assemblages, were distributed widely across northern Eurasia and North America during the Late Pleistocene. The now extinct woolly rhinoceros, Coelodonta antiquitatis, was a major component. Abundant fossil remains of this species with radiocarbon dates have been reported through almost all of northern Eurasia, but the fossil rhinoceroses of Mongolia...
The Arctic is a climate‐sensitive area, responding rapidly to present changes, but for the past changes, the record is still incomplete. For instance, the Weichselian glacial history of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet (SBIS) has largely been reconstructed based on studies of the fragmentary Spitsbergen terrestrial and shelf records. However, the sediments removed from the land and shelf areas during...
Here we present the first fossil record of a bone assemblage that could have been accumulated by New World vultures (Cathartidae). The bone remains were found in an archaeological rockshelter called Gruta do Presépio (GPR), located in the tropical rainforest environment of Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, where groups of hunters and gatherers lived from the Early to Middle Holocene (9.3–4.6...
Arid central Asia is a key region in the study of global climate change; however, the characteristics and mechanisms of regional hydroclimate changes during the late Quaternary remain poorly known. Here we present a new hydroclimate record from Lake Ebinur in arid northwestern China based on a comprehensive multiproxy analysis. The results show that Lake Ebinur formed at ~33.5 ka under relatively...
Palaeoclimatic evidence is necessary to place the current warming and drying trends of the Mediterranean region in a long‐term perspective of pre‐industrial variability. Annually resolved and absolutely dated climate proxies that extend back into medieval times are, however, limited to a few sites only. Here we present a network of long ring width chronologies from Pinus nigra tree‐line sites in northern...
The physical, sedimentological, mineralogical and elemental geochemical properties of sediment cores AMD1803‐02BC and 01PC from the Cape Norton Shaw Inlet were investigated to reconstruct glacial sediment discharges from southeastern Manson Icefield and document the impact of ice–ocean interactions on the sediment dynamics and opening of the North Water Polynya (NOW) in northwestern Baffin Bay since...
A digital database for submarine glacial landforms and sediments formed in the Arctic during and since the Last Glacial Maximum was created in order to facilitate and underpin new research on palaeo‐ice sheets and tidewater glacier dynamics. The glacimarine database (GlaciDat) documents and standardises evidence of previous glacial activity as visible on the contemporary seafloor of fjords and continental...
Predicting the effects of ongoing climate warming on vegetation requires a long‐term perspective of past ecosystem dynamics. We therefore analysed the sedimentary record from the mire Gola di Lago (985 m a.s.l.) in southern Switzerland, to better understand the vegetation response to past rapid climate change. We present a high‐resolution pollen and plant macrofossil study from the Lateglacial to...
The analysis of faecal biomarkers in lake sediments has been used to reconstruct human population densities and animal husbandry practices in an increasing number of studies in recent years. However, terrigenous biomarkers can decompose in soils, can be stored and redeposited in colluvium and on flood‐plains prior to their ultimate deposition in lakes. These and other effects can blur and distort...
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